{ "version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1", "title": "GardenHamster", "subtitle": "记录一些个人笔记,踩坑记录等", "icon": "https://gardenhamster.cn/assets/favicon.ico", "description": "花园仓鼠的博客", "home_page_url": "https://gardenhamster.cn", "items": [ { "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/computer-science/mysql/exercises/", "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/computer-science/mysql/exercises/", "title": "习题-数据库原理与技术(13009)", "background": "cover.jpg", "backgroundPosition": "30% 35%", "backgroundOpacity": 0.88, "coverPosition": "30% 35%", "date_published": "2026-09-24T16:00:00.000Z", "content_html": "

# 习题 1

\n

# 选择题

\n
    \n
  1. \n

    下面不属于数据模型要素的是

    \n\n
    2. \n
  2. \n

    数据库 (DB)、数据库系统 (DBS) 和数据库管理系统 (DBMS) 的关系是

    \n\n
    3. \n
  3. \n

    能唯一标识实体的最小属性集称为

    \n\n
    4. \n
  4. \n

    在数据模型中，概念模型是

    \n\n
    5. \n
  5. \n

    概念模型最著名和最常用的表示方法是

    \n\n
    6. \n
  6. \n

    数据库设计人员和用户之间沟通信息的桥梁是

    \n\n
    7. \n
\n

# 填空题

\n
    \n
  1. \n

    数据库的特性包括共享性、独立性、完整性和减少数据冗余

    \n
    2. \n
  2. \n

    数据模型是对现实世界数据特征的抽象，它是用来描述数据、组织数据和对数据进行操作

    \n
    3. \n
  3. \n

    数据模型一般由数据结构、数据操作、数据完整性约束三部分组成

    \n
    4. \n
  4. \n

    数据模型按应用层次可分为三类：概念模型、逻辑模型、物理模型

    \n
    \n

    概念模型 = E-R 设计图
    \n逻辑模型 = 表结构设计图
    \n物理模型 = 具体到 mysql 中建立的每个表

    \n
    \n
    5. \n
  5. \n

    数据库应用中三种主要的逻辑模型有层次模型、网状模型、关系模型， 关系模型是应用最广泛、最重要的一种逻辑模型

    \n
    6. \n
  6. \n

    大数据指海量或巨量数据，大数据以新的计算模式为手段，获取、存储、管理、处理并提炼 数据以帮助使用者决策

    \n
    7. \n
  7. \n

    大数据的技术支撑有计算速度的提高、存储成本的下降和对人工智能的需求

    \n
    8. \n
  8. \n

    NoSQL 数据库泛指非关系型的数据库，NoSQL 指其在设计上和传统的关系数据库不同

    \n
    9. \n
\n", "tags": [ "计算机科学与技术", "数据库原理与技术(13009)", "习题" ] }, { "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/computer-science/mysql/note01/", "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/computer-science/mysql/note01/", "title": "笔记-数据库原理与技术(13009)", "background": "cover.jpg", "backgroundPosition": "80% 30%", "backgroundOpacity": 0.76, "date_published": "2026-09-20T16:00:00.000Z", "content_html": "

# 前言

\n\n

# 参考教材

\n\n

# DB、DBS、DBMS

\n\n

# 数据库模型（概念模型、逻辑模型、物理模型）

\n\n

# 概念模型

\n\n

# 逻辑模型

\n\n

# 物理模型

\n\n

# E-R 图 (Entity-Relationship)

\n\n

# 三级模式结构

\n

# 外模式

\n\n
-- 创建一个视图提供给应用查询
CREATE VIEW v_customer_orders AS
SELECT id, customerId, code, createDate, price FROM `order`;
-- 应用从视图中查询需要的数据
SELECT * FROM v_customer_orders WHERE customerId = 114514 ORDER BY id DESC;
# 模式
\n\n
CREATE TABLE `order`  (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `storeId` int NOT NULL COMMENT '门店Id',
  `customerId` int NOT NULL COMMENT '客户Id',
  `concatId` int NOT NULL COMMENT '客户联系人Id',
  `createUserId` int NOT NULL COMMENT '开单用户Id',
  `code` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '订单号',
  `price` decimal(10, 2) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单原价格/折前价格',
  `discountPrice` decimal(10, 2) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单折后价格',
  `createDate` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开单日期',
  `updateDate` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '最后修改日期',
  `deliveryDate` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '交货日期',
  `concatName` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '联系人名称',
  `finishCode` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '成品编号',
  `isChecked` bit(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否已审核',
  `isPacked` bit(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否已包装',
  `isInStock` bit(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否已入库',
  `isOutStock` bit(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否已出库',
  `isCancelPrint` bit(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否已取消印刷',
  `isDeleted` bit(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否已删除',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT = '订单表' ROW_FORMAT = DYNAMIC;
# 内模式
\n\n
# 二级映像功能
\n
# 外模式 / 模式映像
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
要素说明
是什么外模式与模式之间的映射规则
谁维护数据库管理员（DBA）
保证什么逻辑独立性 —— 模式被改变后，保证外模式不受影响
好处降低应用程序的维护成本，提升系统灵活性
\n\n
\n
Error: 1356 - View 'store.v_customer_orders' references invalid table(s) or column(s) or function(s) or definer/invoker of view lack rights to use them
\n
\n\n
ALTER VIEW v_customer_orders AS
SELECT id, customerId, orderCode AS code, createDate, price FROM `order`;
# 模式 / 内模式映像
\n\n",
            "tags": [
                "计算机科学与技术",
                "数据库原理与技术(13009)",
                "笔记"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Python/note01/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Python/note01/",
            "title": "Python笔记",
            "background": "cover.jpg",
            "backgroundPosition": "80% 12%",
            "backgroundOpacity": 0.88,
            "coverPosition": "80% 13%",
            "date_published": "2026-09-03T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n\n
# Python 的诞生
\n\n
# Python 的优点
\n\n
# Python 的缺点
\n\n
# Python 解释器
\n
注：同一份 Python 代码在不同的解析器环境中运行结果可能会有所不同
\n\n
# IO(Input/Output)
\n\n
# 参考教程
\n\n",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "Python"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/other/problem/problem01/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/other/problem/problem01/",
            "title": "Win10重启后桌面被重置的解决方法",
            "background": "cover.jpg",
            "backgroundPosition": "10% 50%",
            "backgroundOpacity": 0.8,
            "date_published": "2025-09-04T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n\n\n
# 解决办法
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n",
            "tags": [
                "其他"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/CSharp/util/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/CSharp/util/",
            "title": "C#工具类",
            "date_published": "2025-04-17T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n
记录一些平时整理的工具类，方便日后查找使用
\n
# Excel 工具类 (NPOI)
\n
ExcelHelper.cs
public static class ExcelHelper
{
    public static FileInfo ExportExcel<TSource>(this List<TSource> sources, ExcelColumn<TSource>[] columns, string saveDirPath, string fileName = null)
    {
        IWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();// 创建 xlsx
        ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(\"Sheet1\");
        IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
        for (int i = 0; i < columns.Length; i++)
        {
            var column = columns[i];
            headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(column.Title);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < sources.Count; i++)
        {
            var source = sources[i];
            var row = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1);
            row.FillRow(source, columns);
        }
        using MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
        workbook.Write(stream);
        var buf = stream.ToArray();
        if (!Directory.Exists(saveDirPath))
        {
            Directory.CreateDirectory(saveDirPath);
        }
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fileName))
        {
            fileName = $\"{DateTime.Now.ToFileNameString()}.xlsx\";
        }
        var fullSavePath = Path.Combine(saveDirPath, fileName);
        using FileStream fs = new FileStream(fullSavePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write);
        fs.Write(buf, 0, buf.Length);
        fs.Flush();
        return new FileInfo(fullSavePath);
    }
    private static void FillRow<TSource>(this IRow row, TSource source, ExcelColumn<TSource>[] columns)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < columns.Length; i++)
        {
            var column = columns[i];
            var value = source.ToStringValue(column);
            row.CreateCell(i).SetCellType(CellType.String).SetCellValue(value);
        }
    }
    private static string ToStringValue<TSource>(this TSource source, ExcelColumn<TSource> column)
    {
        var value = column.Selector(source);
        if (value is null)
        {
            return string.Empty;
        }
        if (source is DateTime)
        {
            return ((DateTime)value).ToString(\"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss\");
        }
        return value.ToString();
    }
}
ExcelColumn.cs
public record ExcelColumn<TSource>
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public Func<TSource, object> Selector { get; set; }
    public ExcelColumn(string title, Func<TSource, object> selector)
    {
        this.Title = title;
        this.Selector = selector;
    }
}
使用示例
public (FileInfo, string) CreateExcel(List<InvoiceRequestDto> datas)
{
    var columns = new ExcelColumn<InvoiceRequestDto>[]
    {
        new(\"发票号\",o=>o.InvoiceCode),
        new(\"客户编号\",o=>o.CustomerCode),
        new(\"类型\",o=>o.Type.ToString()),
        new(\"名称\",o=>o.Name),
        new(\"Tin\",o=>o.Tin),
        new(\"Brn\",o=>o.Brn),
        new(\"Tel\",o=>o.Tel),
        new(\"Email\",o=>o.Email),
        new(\"地址\",o=>o.Address),
        new(\"邮编\",o=>o.PostCode),
        new(\"州属\",o=>o.StateName),
        new(\"申请人\",o=>o.UserName),
        new(\"发票链接\",o=>BusinessHelper.GetEInvoiceUrl(o.Uuid,o.LongId)),
    };
    var excelDirPath = FilePath.GetExcelDirPath();
    var fileInfo = datas.ExportExcel(columns, excelDirPath);
    var relativePath = fileInfo.ToRelativePath(excelDirPath);
    return (fileInfo, relativePath);
}
# DateTime 工具类
\n
DateTimeHelper.cs
public static class DateTimeHelper
{
    /// <summary>
    /// yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly DateTimeFormatInfo SimpleDateTimeFormat = new DateTimeFormatInfo()
    {
        ShortDatePattern = \"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss\"
    };
    /// <summary>
    /// 接收一个日期字符串，返回当天 00:00:00 的日期
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"dateStr\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetDayStart(this string dateStr)
    {
        var dt = Convert.ToDateTime(dateStr);
        return new DateTime(dt.Year, dt.Month, dt.Day, 0, 0, 0);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 接收一个日期字符串，返回当天 23:59:59 的日期
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"dateStr\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetDayEnd(this string dateStr)
    {
        var dt = Convert.ToDateTime(dateStr);
        return new DateTime(dt.Year, dt.Month, dt.Day, 23, 59, 59);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 接收一个日期字符串，返回当天 00:00:00 的日期字符串
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"dateStr\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetDayStartStr(this string dateStr)
    {
        return GetDayStart(dateStr).ToString(\"yyyy-MM-dd 00:00:00\");
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 接收一个日期字符串，返回当天 23:59:59 的日期字符串
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"dateStr\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetDayEndStr(this string dateStr)
    {
        return GetDayEnd(dateStr).ToString(\"yyyy-MM-dd 23:59:59\");
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取今天开始时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetTodayStart()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        return new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取今天结束时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetTodayEnd()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        return new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day, 23, 59, 59);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取本周开始时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetWeekStart()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        DateTime temp = new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day);
        int count = now.DayOfWeek - DayOfWeek.Monday;
        if (count == -1) count = 6;
        return temp.AddDays(-count);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取本周结束时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetWeekEnd()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        DateTime temp = new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day, 23, 59, 59);
        int count = now.DayOfWeek - DayOfWeek.Sunday;
        if (count != 0) count = 7 - count;
        return temp.AddDays(count);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取本周开始时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetMonthStart()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        return new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, 1, 0, 0, 0);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取本周结束时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetMonthEnd()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        DateTime temp = new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, 1, 23, 59, 59);
        return temp.AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取本年开始时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetYearStart()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        return new DateTime(now.Year, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取本年结束时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetYearEnd()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        return new DateTime(now.Year, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取昨天开始时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetYesterdayStart()
    {
        return GetTodayStart().AddDays(-1);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取昨天结束时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetYesterdayEnd()
    {
        return GetTodayEnd().AddDays(-1);
    }
    // <summary>
    /// 获取上周开始时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetLastWeekStart()
    {
        return GetWeekStart().AddDays(-7);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取上周结束时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetLastWeekEnd()
    {
        return GetWeekEnd().AddDays(-7);
    }
    // <summary>
    /// 获取上月开始时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetLastMonthStart()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        DateTime temp = new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, 1, 0, 0, 0);
        return temp.AddMonths(-1);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取上月结束时间
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetLastMonthEnd()
    {
        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
        DateTime temp = new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, 1, 23, 59, 59);
        return temp.AddDays(-1);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 根据一个总秒数，返回 \"时：分：秒\" 格式字符串
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"totalSecond\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string GetTimeStrBySeconds(int totalSecond)
    {
        string hour = (totalSecond / 3600).ToString().PadLeft(2, '0');
        string minute = ((totalSecond % 3600) / 60).ToString().PadLeft(2, '0');
        string second = (totalSecond % 60).ToString().PadLeft(2, '0');
        return string.Format(\"{0}:{1}:{2}\", hour, minute, second);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取两个日期的秒数差值
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"timeStart\"></param>
    /// <param name=\"timeEnd\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static int SecondDiff(this DateTime timeEnd, DateTime timeStart)
    {
        TimeSpan timeSpanStart = new TimeSpan(timeStart.Ticks);
        TimeSpan timeSpanEnd = new TimeSpan(timeEnd.Ticks);
        TimeSpan timeDiff = timeSpanEnd.Subtract(timeSpanStart);
        return (int)timeDiff.TotalSeconds;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取两个日期的秒数差值
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"timeStart\"></param>
    /// <param name=\"timeEnd\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static TimeSpan GetTimeSpanDiff(DateTime timeStart, DateTime timeEnd)
    {
        TimeSpan timeSpanStart = new TimeSpan(timeStart.Ticks);
        TimeSpan timeSpanEnd = new TimeSpan(timeEnd.Ticks);
        return timeSpanEnd.Subtract(timeSpanStart);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取两个日期的天数差值
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"timeStart\"></param>
    /// <param name=\"timeEnd\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static int GetDayDiff(DateTime timeStart, DateTime timeEnd)
    {
        TimeSpan timeSpanStart = new TimeSpan(timeStart.Ticks);
        TimeSpan timeSpanEnd = new TimeSpan(timeEnd.Ticks);
        TimeSpan timeDiff = timeSpanEnd.Subtract(timeSpanStart);
        return (int)timeDiff.TotalDays;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取当前时间 n 秒后的实例
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"minutes\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime GetDateTimeAfterMinutes(int minutes)
    {
        return DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(minutes);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// DateTime 转换为 Unix 时间戳 (秒)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"dateTime\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static long ToTimeStamp(this DateTime dateTime)
    {
        DateTime startTime = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
        return (long)(dateTime.ToUniversalTime() - startTime).TotalSeconds;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Unix 时间戳 (秒) 转 DateTime
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"timeStamp\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime ToDateTime(this long timeStamp)
    {
        DateTime dateTime = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
        dateTime = dateTime.AddSeconds(timeStamp).ToLocalTime();
        return dateTime;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取当天是本星期的第几天
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static int GetDayOfWeek()
    {
        DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek;
        if (dayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Monday) return 1;
        if (dayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Tuesday) return 2;
        if (dayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Wednesday) return 3;
        if (dayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Thursday) return 4;
        if (dayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Friday) return 5;
        if (dayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Saturday) return 6;
        if (dayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Sunday) return 7;
        return 0;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 将一个 DateTime 格式化为时间字符串
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"datetime\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string ToSimpleString(this DateTime datetime)
    {
        return datetime.ToString(\"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss\");
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 将一个 DateTime 格式化为时间字符串
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"datetime\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string ToFileNameString(this DateTime datetime)
    {
        return datetime.ToString(\"yyyyMMddHHmmssffffff\");
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 将一个字符串转换为 DateTime
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name=\"datetime\"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime? ToDateTime(this string str, string formatStr = \"\")
    {
        try
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(formatStr))
            {
                return Convert.ToDateTime(str, SimpleDateTimeFormat);
            }
            DateTimeFormatInfo formatInfo = new DateTimeFormatInfo()
            {
                ShortDatePattern = formatStr
            };
            return Convert.ToDateTime(str, formatInfo);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }
}
",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "C#"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/mahjong/note01/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/mahjong/note01/",
            "title": "立直麻将",
            "date_published": "2024-12-27T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n\n
# 猫猫讲谱集
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "立直麻将"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Javascript/note01/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Javascript/note01/",
            "title": "JavaScript笔记",
            "coverPosition": "15% 30%",
            "date_published": "2024-12-04T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# !! 运算符
\n\n
console.log(!!0); // false
console.log(!!1); // true
console.log(!!-114514); // true
// console.log(!''); // true
console.log(!!''); // false
console.log(!!'Hello'); // true
console.log(!!null); // false
console.log(!!undefined); // false
console.log(!!NaN); // false
console.log(!!true); // true
",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "JavaScript"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/TypeScript/note01/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/TypeScript/note01/",
            "title": "TypeScript笔记",
            "date_published": "2024-11-27T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# TypeScript 是什么
\n\n
# 环境安装
\n\n
# 全局安装 typescript
npm install typescript -g
# 查询 typescript 版本
tsc -v
# 初始化 typescript 项目，执行命令后会在根目录下生成 tsconfig.json, 可以通过修改该文件设置编译器的各种规则，比如严格模式 strict 等
tsc --init
\n
let str:string='Hello World';
console.log(str);
\n
# 监控目录下所有 ts 文件变化，如果文件内容改变会自动将其编译为 js 文件，ts 文件修改完以后直接执行 js 文件即可
tsc -w 
# 新建终端执行 js 文件测试效果
node index.js
\n
# 安装 ts-node 插件
npm install ts-node -g
# 初始化 npm，执行后会生成 package.json
npm init -y
# 安装 TypeScript 的 nodejs 声明
npm install @types/node -D
# 运行 ts 文件
ts-node index.ts
# arguments 对象
\n\n
function foo(...params: any[]) {
    console.log(arguments); //[Arguments] { '0': 123, '1': 'hello', '2': true }
    const args = Array.from(arguments); // 将 arguments 对象转换为数组
    console.log(args); // [ 123, 'hello', true ]
}
foo(123, \"hello\", true);
# Any 类型和 Unknown 类型
\n
# 相同点
\n\n
# 不同点
\n\n
# Never 类型
\n\n
const loop = (): never => {
    while (true) { }
}
const error = (): never => {
    throw new Error();
}
# Object 和 object 类型
\n\n
let a1:Object = 123
let a2:Object = true
let a3:Object = '123'
let a4:Object = {}
let a5:Object = []
let a6:Object = ()=>123
let b1:object = 123   // 报错
let b2:object = true  // 报错
let b3:object = '123' // 报错
let b4:object = {}
let b5:object = []
let b6:object = ()=>123
# Interface
\n
# 多个同名的 Interface 会进行合并
\n
interface Person {
    name: string;
}
interface Person {
    age: number;
}
let p1: Person = {
    name: \"111\",
    age: 18
}
# 可空类型？和只读类型 readonly
\n
interface Person {
    name: string;
    age?: number;// 可空类型
    readonly id:number// 只读
    readonly print:()=>{}// 只读
}
let p1: Person = {
    name: \"111\",
    id:1,
    print:()=>{return true}
}
p1.id=2;// 报错
p1.print=()=>{return false}; // 报错
# 继承 extends
\n
interface ClassA {
    name: string;
}
interface ClassB {
    age: number;
    sex: boolean
}
// 可以继承多个
interface Person extends ClassA, ClassB {
    print: () => {};
}
# 接口定义函数
\n
interface Show{
    (name:string,age:number):string
}
const fn:Show=(name:string,age:number)=>`${name}:${age}`
console.log(fn('张三',18));
# Interface 索引签名
\n\n
interface Person{
    name:string,    // 只定义需要用到的属性
    age:number,     // 只定义需要用到的属性
    // 这里 propName 是可以任意取的名称，变量的名称是 string 类型，值类型是 any
    [propName:string]:any   // 其他属性定义为 any
}
let p1:Person={
    name:'111',
    age:18,
    sex:0
}
p1.address='2222';   // 可以动态添加更多的属性值
\n
interface Product {
    name: string;
    price: number;
    stock: {
        [size: string]: number;
    };
    colors: {
        [color: string]: boolean;
    };
}
const hoodie: Product = {
    name: 'Hoodie',
    price: 50,
    stock: {
        'S': 5,
        'M': 8,
        'L': 3,
    },
    colors: {
        'Red': true,
        'Blue': false,
    },
};
console.log(hoodie.stock['S']);
console.log(hoodie.colors['Red']);
# 数组定义
\n
// 常用定义
let arr1: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4];
// 泛型定义
let arr2: Array<number> = [1, 2, 3, 4];
// 对象数组
interface Person {
    name: string
}
let arr3: Person[] = [{ name: '111' }];
let arr4: Array<Person> = [{ name: '222' }];
// 二维数组
let arr5:number[][]=[[1],[2],[3]];
let arr6:Array<Array<number>>=[[1],[2],[3]];
// 大杂烩数组
let arr7:any[]=[123,'abc',true];
let arr8:[number,string,boolean,{}]=[123,'abc',true,{name:'333'}]
// 剩余参数...args
function fn(...args:number[]){
    console.log(args);
    console.log(arguments);
}
fn(1,2,3,4,5);
# 函数定义
\n
// 常用定义
function fn1(a: number, b: number): number {
    return a + b;
}
// 箭头函数
const fn2 = (a: number, b: number): number => {
    return a + b;
}
// 默认参数
const fn3 = (a: number = 1, b: number = 2): number => {
    return a + b;
}
// 可选参数 (可空参数)
const fn4 = (a: number, b?: number): number => {
    return a + (b ?? 0);
}
console.log(fn4(1));// 输出 1
# 函数重载
\n\n
// 函数声明，不写也可以，写了以后 VSCode 可以显示有这些方法可以重载
function message(options: object): void;
function message(text: string, onClose?: Function): void;
function message(text: string, mode?: string, duration?: number): void;
function message(text: string, duration?: number, onClose?: Function): void;
// 函数实现
function message(
  param1: string | object,
  param2?: number | Function | string,
  param3?: Function | number
): string {
    if(typeof param1=='string') return param1;
    if(typeof param1=='object') return param1.toString();
    // 以此类推做业务处理...
    return '';
}
// 调用方式 1
message({
  mode: \"mode\",
  text: \"msg\",
  onClose: () => {},
  duration: 3000,
});
// 调用方式 2
message(\"msg\");
message(\"msg\", () => {});
message(\"msg\", \"mode\");
message(\"msg\", \"mode\");
message(\"msg\", \"mode\", 3000);
message(\"msg\", 3000, () => { });
# 联合类型 | 和交叉类型 &
\n
// 联合类型，变量可以声明为多个类型
const fn1 = (type: number | string): string => {
    return type.toString();
}
console.log(fn1('666'));
// 交叉类型，对象作为参数时可以具有多个类的属性，类似于 extends
interface Person {
    name: string,
    age: number
}
interface Man {
    hobby: string
}
const fn2 = (man: Person & Man):void => {
    console.log(man);
}
fn2({
    name:'张三',
    age:18,
    hobby:'唱跳rap'
})
# 断言
\n
const fn = (num: number | string): void => {
    //const length=num.length;// 报错，类型 “string | number” 上不存在属性 “length”。
    console.log((num as string).length);// 告诉编译器传入的 num 一定是 string 类型，编译器不再进行校验
    console.log((<string>num).length);// 第二种方式断言
}
fn('123456')// 输出 6
fn(123456)// 输出 undefined
//
# Class 类
\n
interface Person {
    name: string;
    // 属性可以定义为 readonly
    readonly id: number;
    show(): void;
}
class Man implements Person {
    name: string;
    id: number;
    // 构造函数
    constructor(name: string, id: number) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
    }
    // 同 Java 和 C#，可以将方法定义为 public private protected
    public sing(): void {
    }
    private dance(): void {
    }
    protected rap(): void {
    }
    // 不加修饰符默认是 public
    show(): void {
        console.log(`练习时间长达${this.time}的个人练习生${this.name}`)
    }
    // 静态方法，方法体内可以调用静态方法，但是不能调用动态方法
    static basketball() {
        this.music();
        //this.sing ()// 报错
    }
    static music() {
        console.log(\"登登登登~~~\");
    }
    //get set 方法
    private _time: number = 2.5;
    get time() {
        return this._time;
    }
    set time(time: number) {
        this._time = 2.5;
    }
}
const m1: Man = new Man(\"蔡徐坤\", 18);
m1.time = 2.5;//
m1.show();
Man.basketball();// 调用静态方法
# 元组
\n
// 定义元组类型，下面定义的元组只能存放 number 和 string 类型
let arr1: [number, string] = [1, '2']
arr1.push(3);
console.log(arr1);
// 定义只读类型的元组
const arr2: readonly [number, boolean] = [1, false];
//arr2 [0]=2;// 报错
//arr2.push (true);// 报错
console.log(arr2);
// 定义命名元组
type Person = [name: string, age: number, sex: boolean];
const arr3: Person = ['张三', 18, true];
console.log(arr3[0], arr3[1], arr3[2]);
const [names, age, sex] = arr3;
console.log(names, age, sex);
# ts 编写防抖功能
\n\n
let timer: any;
let clickTest = () => {
clearTimeout(timer);
timer = setTimeout(() => {
    console.log('clicked');
    timer = null;
}, 500)
}
",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "TypeScript"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Vue3/note01/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Vue3/note01/",
            "title": "Vue3笔记",
            "background": "cover.jpg",
            "backgroundPosition": "80% 30%",
            "backgroundOpacity": 0.88,
            "date_published": "2024-11-24T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n\n
# Vue3 绑定动态事件
\n\n
<template>
  <p>count={{ count }}</p>
  <button @click=\"increase\">count++</button>
</template>
<script setup lang=\"ts\">
  import { ref } from 'vue';
  let count = ref<number>(0);
  const increase = () => {
    count.value++;
  }
</script>
\n
<template>
  <p>count={{ count }}</p>
  <button @[event]=\"increase\">count++</button>
</template>
<script setup lang=\"ts\">
  import { ref } from 'vue';
  const event='dblclick';
  let count = ref<number>(0);
  const increase = () => {
    count.value++;
  }
</script>
",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "Vue3"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Vue3/environment/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Vue3/environment/",
            "title": "Vue3开发环境配置",
            "date_published": "2024-11-12T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n\n
# 安装 NVM
\n\n
root: D:\\DevelopmentTool\\NVM
path: D:\\DevelopmentTool\\NVM\\nodejs
node_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/
npm_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/npm/
\n
npm config set prefix \"D:\\DevelopmentTool\\NVM\\node_global\"
npm config set cache \"D:\\DevelopmentTool\\NVM\\node_cache\"
\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
nvm -v                  //查看NVM版本
nvm list available      //查看可安装的Nodejs版本
nvm list                //查看已安装的Nodejs版本
nvm install 22.11.0     //指定安装一个Nodejs的LST最新稳定版，NVM安装目录下会生成对应版本的文件夹
nvm use 22.11.0         //切换到安装好的Nodejs
node -v                 //查询当前的nodejs版本
\n
npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
npm config get registry
# Vite 构建
\n\n
npm init vite@latest
\n
npm install
npm run dev         //启动开发环境
npm run build       //构建打包命令
npm run preview     //预览生产环境命令
# 安装 VSCode 插件
\n
# 安装 Vue-Official
\n\n
# 为 Vue - Official 设置代码缩进
\n\n
# 自定义代码模板
\n\n
{
\t\"Print to console\": {
\t\t\"prefix\": \"vue3\",
\t\t\"body\": [
\t\t\t\"<style scoped>\",
\t\t\t\"\",
\t\t\t\"</style>\",
\t\t\t\"\",
\t\t\t\"<template>\",
\t\t\t\"\",
\t\t\t\"</template>\",
\t\t\t\"\",
\t\t\t\"<script lang=\\\"ts\\\" setup>\",
\t\t\t\"  import {ref,reactive} from 'vue';\",
\t\t\t\"  $0\",
\t\t\t\"</script>\"
\t\t],
\t\t\"description\": \"vue3+ts+setup模板\"
\t}
}
# 参考链接
\n\n",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "Vue3"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Window/hotkey/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Window/hotkey/",
            "title": "Window快捷键",
            "background": "cover.jpg",
            "backgroundPosition": "25% 10%",
            "backgroundOpacity": 0.88,
            "date_published": "2024-05-01T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n\n
# Shift+Win + 左右箭头
\n\n
# Win + 上下左右箭头
\n\n",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "Window",
                "快捷键"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/course/waifu/spine/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/course/waifu/spine/",
            "title": "解包某款2D手游中的Spine看板娘",
            "date_published": "2024-04-21T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n\n
# 对 Spine 的一些个人理解
\n\n
# 提取游戏资源
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
# 制作 Spine 模型
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
# 在网页上加载 Spine
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
# 参考链接
\n
# Spine 模型提取
\n\n
# Spine 文档
\n\n
# Spine Demo
\n\n
# Skel 版本转换
\n\n
# 网页上加载 Skel
\n\n",
            "tags": [
                "教程",
                "waifu",
                "spine"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/course/waifu/live2d/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/course/waifu/live2d/",
            "title": "解包某款2D手游中的live2d看板娘",
            "date_published": "2024-04-11T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
# 关于 Live2d
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
# 导出游戏资源
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
# 下载 AssetStudio
\n\n
# 提取模型文件
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
# 提取 moc 文件
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n
# 提取音频文件
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
# 制作 live2d 模型
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
# 将模型加载到桌面中
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
# 部分模型的兼容性问题
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n
\"image\"
\n\n
\"image\"
\n\n
# 在网页上加载 live2d
\n\n
# 参考链接
\n
# 模型提取
\n
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv5773529
\nhttps://www.maxstars.xyz/2023/09/24/bi-lan-hang-xian-chai-bao-ji-lu
\nhttps://www.bilibili.com/read/cv27390576/
\nhttps://eikanya.github.io/post/live2d 配置
\n
# 音频提取
\n
https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv5330096
\nhttps://www.bilibili.com/read/cv3027629
\nhttps://www.bilibili.com/read/cv5939682
\n
# 模型兼容
\n
https://github.com/guansss/pixi-live2d-display/discussions/143
\nhttp://live2d.pavostudio.com/doc/zh-cn/live2d/model-config
\nhttp://live2d.pavostudio.com/doc/zh-cn/exstudio/live2d-editor/#_18
\nhttps://intmain0.com/187
\n
# web 加载
\n
https://docs.live2d.com/zh-CHS/cubism-sdk-manual/cubism-sdk-for-web
\nhttps://github.com/guansss/pixi-live2d-display
\nhttps://github.com/GardenHamster/live2d-web
\nhttps://github.com/stevenjoezhang/live2d-widget
\nhttps://github.com/galnetwen/Live2D
\n",
            "tags": [
                "教程",
                "waifu",
                "live2d"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Window/command/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Window/command/",
            "title": "Windows命令",
            "date_published": "2023-07-08T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n
记录一些曾经用过的 Window 命令，方便日后查询
\n
# tasklist
\n
有时候某个 dll 莫名其妙的被占用了，但是任务管理器又找不到相关的进程，可以用这个命令查询一下 PID，然后通过 tskill  结束掉进程
\n
h
tasklist /m Dll或者Exe文件名
栗子:
\n
h
C:\\Users\\Administrator>tasklist /m log4net.dll
映像名称                       PID 模块
========================= ======== ============================================
dotnet.exe                   11068 log4net.dll
# tskill
\n
结束一个进程
\n
h
tskill PID
栗子:
\n
C:\\Users\\Administrator>tskill 11068
",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "Window"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/mysql/function/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/mysql/function/",
            "title": "Mysql笔记",
            "date_published": "2023-05-15T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n
记录一些曾经用过的 mysql 语句，方便日后查询
\n
# substring_index
\n
# 参数
\n
substring_index(string,sep,num)
\n
string：被分割的字符串
\n
sep：分割符
\n
num：提取第 N 个分割后的字符串，值不能为 0。正数表示从左到右，负数表示从右到左
\n
# sql
\n
select sd.sodetailid,so.orderno,so.code,sd.printnum,sd.printprice,
SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(sd.productcontent,'public_style:',-1),'}{',1) public_style,
SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(sd.productcontent,'productsize:',-1),'}{',1) productsize,
SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(sd.productcontent,'public_unit:',-1),'}{',1) public_unit
from so_detail sd
inner join so on so.orderid=sd.orderid
where so.createdate>'2022-01-01 00:00:00' and so.createdate<='2023-01-01 00:00:00'
# 说明
\n
有一天 Boss 让我统计近几年的订单数据给他。但是有一些关键数据放在了一个格式有点特殊的字段里，像这样：
\n
Printnum:5000}{public_type:Leaflet(128g art paper)}{public_style:A4}{public_unit:Double side(4C+4C)}{public_kind:1}{public_price:311.9}{productsize:210mmx297mm}{poundtype:128gGlossy Art paper}{public_typeset:}{public_docpath:filesystem}{
\n
我要提取的是这个字段里面的 public_style  的值 A4 ，于是用到了 substring_index  函数
\n
首先先用 public_style:  做第一次分割，拿到两个字符串
\n
第一条： Printnum:5000}{public_type:Leaflet(128g art paper)}{
\n
第二条： A4}{public_unit:Double side(4C+4C)}{public_kind:1}{public_price:311.9}{productsize:210mmx297mm}{poundtype:128gGlossy Art paper}{public_typeset:}{public_docpath:filesystem}{
\n
num  参数传入 -1 ，可以返回分割后从右往左的第一个字符串，也就是上面的第二条
\n
select SUBSTRING_INDEX('Printnum:5000}{public_type:Leaflet(128g art paper)}{public_style:A4}{public_unit:Double side(4C+4C)}{public_kind:1}{public_price:311.9}{productsize:210mmx297mm}{poundtype:128gGlossy Art paper}{public_typeset:}{public_docpath:filesystem}{','public_style:',-1) public_style
\"image\"
\n
接着再用 }{ 做第二次分割，获得 public_style  的值 A4 。 num  参数传入 1 ，返回从左到右第一条
\n
select SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX('Printnum:5000}{public_type:Leaflet(128g art paper)}{public_style:A4}{public_unit:Double side(4C+4C)}{public_kind:1}{public_price:311.9}{productsize:210mmx297mm}{poundtype:128gGlossy Art paper}{public_typeset:}{public_docpath:filesystem}{','public_style:',-1),'}{',1) public_style
\"image\"
\n",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "Mysql"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Linux/command/",
            "url": "https://gardenhamster.cn/note/Linux/command/",
            "title": "Linux命令",
            "date_published": "2022-12-02T16:00:00.000Z",
            "content_html": "
# 前言
\n
记录一些曾经用过的 Linux 命令，方便日后查询
\n",
            "tags": [
                "笔记",
                "Linux"
            ]
        }
    ]
}